Strategic Planning and Operasional Planning

Planning (Planning)

Definition of planning

    Contains the formulation of action plans - actions considered necessary to achieve the desired results in accordance with the purposes and goals set. Planning can be interpreted as a decision on what to do in the future. The aims and objectives of the organization are not always permanent, frequent changes in accordance with the development and dynamics of society. Therefore, the plan could not be static but dynamic, continuous and flexible.

   Dynamic means planning must look to the face, providing a rational outlook. Everything to do with the answer "whether" and "how" should be really  taken into account. That is why planning should be preceded by a preliminary investigation exploratory nature (research). Sustainable planning means not to be made just once, but forever. Should continuously be made towards reaching the goal. Conversely, the flexible nature of planning means can be altered or enhanced in accordance with circumstances, but does not change the destination.

  In connection with the notion of planning George R. Terry says, "Planning is the selecting and relating of fact and the making and using of assumption regarding the future in the visualization and formulation of proposed activities believed Necessary to Achieve Desired result".

When we look from that sense, it can be concluded as follows:

1. Planning must be based on facts, data, and concrete information
2. Planning is a mental work that requires thought, imagination, and ability to see who will come boxed.
3. Planning on the future and about the action - what actions can be performed against the barriers that disrupting business.

Operasional Planning

Hierarchy in the Organizational Plan

   There are two main types of plans, namely strategic plan designed to achieve broad goals, which describe the nature of existence of the company, and plan of operations which give details about how the plans implemented (James Stoner, AF 1998).

Operational plans also exist two types:

1. Plan disposable or "single use plans"
Disposable Plan is a detailed action that is not repeated in the same form in the future. Developed to achieve specific objectives of the company will be dissolved if the goal is reached. The plan is temporary and insidential. The main form of disposable plan are:
• Programs
A program showing:
§ The main steps required to achieve the objectives
§ Unit or member organization responsible for each step
§ The sequence and scheduling of each step

• Project
The project is part of a smaller and separate. Each project has a limited scope and clear instructions  about task and time.

• Budgets (budgets)
The budget is a statement of financial resources provided to  certain activities. During certain periods, the budget became one of the control activities of the company because it limits the funding of activities. Budget detailing income and expenditure so as to provide targets for activities - activities, such as sales, fixed costs or new investment department.

2. Plan fixed or "standing plan"
   The plan remains a standardized approach to handle situations that occur repeatedly and provide an opportunity for managers to save time spent on planning and decision making activities are repeated by using a standardized plan.

   Suppose that a bank can easily reject or accept a loan petition, when indicators of credit analysis, collateral and additional relevant information about existing customers. The plan still sometimes - sometimes less profitable due to binding of the managers in the past decisions that may not fit anymore.
The main form of plan that remains is:

• Policies
Policies are guidelines for decision making and limiting decisions that are acceptable and should be rejected. Managers make the policy of the reasons are:
§ Policies that enhance organizational effectiveness
§ The policy reflects the value - the value of the organization, such as setting how to dress.
§ able to eliminate the policy of chaos or conflict at a lower level in the organization.

• The standard procedure is a procedure that provides a set of detailed instructions to implement the action sequences are frequent or common, such as the payment (refund) from a shop has a policy of "payment with a smile".

• Regulation is a statement that an action must be done or should not do in certain situations. Regulation is not a guide in making decisions.

Strategy Planning

Term strategy was originally popular in the military, apparently is now popular in the economics of the company. Strategy also comes from the ancient Greek word that can be interpreted as the science of war or martial arts. What is meant by strategy in planning is how to keep the company can carry out plans are being prepared so that it generates revenue for the company.

Definition of strategy in the context of overall management is planning a terintegritasi and comprehensive that it becomes operational guidelines for each planning unit - the organizational unit or non-corporate firms. The core management of the company is achieving the goals set. For the achievement of the various strategies used by people in planning. For example the idea Sorrell, L.C. quoted by George R. Terry has 10 kinds of strategies, namely:

1. Strategy "camel's head in the tent",
Implementation of a plan carried out gradually.

2 . Strategy of "sowing seeds on fertile ground",
The approach first made ​​against some members of the group. However, the ultimate goal is the whole group.

3. Strategy of "mass concertrated offensive"
This strategy is intended to be uniform (blitzkrieg) is done thoroughly and quickly.

4. Strategy "confuse the issue",
Divert people's attention before the design is planned.

5. Strategy "use strong tactics only Pls Necessary"
Using a powerful weapon just in time.

6. Strategy "pass the buck"
Blame to others. Usually members of the group is not happy to do it.

7. Strategy "time is great healer"
Use the time to the problem is considered a good solution.

8. Strategy "strike while the iron is hot"
Implement immediately on favorable situation.

9. Strategy of "two heads are better then one"
Facing execution, assisted by other parties to join it more profitable.

10. Strategy of "divide and rule"
Divide them first and then ruled. This strategy is better known in the field of politics, especially the Dutch colonial politics.


Stoner James AF and Freeman (1994) distinguishes three levels of strategy as follows:

1. Corporate-level strategy (corporate-level strategy)
2. The strategy unit - business (bussines units)
3. Functional level strategies

Corporate level strategy formulated by top management. The objective is to regulate the interests and activities of organizations that includes more than one area of ​​business as the answer to the type of business, what should be handled by the company, and how should the resources allocated to achieve the goal.

Functional level strategies create a framework for the management of various functions, such as finance, production, and marketing strategy to fit the level of effort.

how to provide motivation to employees?

Special Measures to provide Employee Motivation
 This is a consequential seven ways in which a manager or supervisor can create a work environment that will encourage and influence the increased motivation of employees - quickly.Communicate effectively and responsibly any information employees need to do their jobs most effectively. Employees want to be a member of the in-crowd, people who know what is happening in the workplace as quickly as other employees know. They want the information necessary to perform their jobs. They need enough information so they make good decisions about their work.

    Meet with employees following a staff meeting to update them about the management of corporate information that could affect their work. Change the due date, customer feedback, product improvement, training opportunities, and an update on the new department report or structure interaction is important for all employees. Communicate more than you deem necessary.

   Stop by the employee work areas highly affected by changes to communicate more. Make sure the employee is clear about what change means for their work, objectives, time allocation, and decisions.Communicate daily with each employee who reports to you. Even the pleasant "morning" allows employees to get involved with you.

   Held a one-on-one weekly meetings with every employee who reports to you. They want to know that they will have this time every week. Encourage employees to come prepared with questions, requests for support, ideas tips for their work, and information that will keep you from being deceived or disappointed by the failure to produce on schedule or as a commitment.

   Employees found the interaction and communication with and attention from senior managers and executive motivation. In a recent study by Towers Perrin (now Towers Watson), the Global Workforce Study which covers nearly 90,000 workers from 18 countries, the role of senior managers in attracting employee discretionary effort beyond the immediate supervisor.

   Hold periodic meetings throughout the staff, the department regularly attend meetings, and communicate with staff around the work area interesting and showed interest in their work.   Applying an open door policy for staff members to talk, share ideas, and discuss the problem. Ensure that managers understand the issues they can and must overcome will be redirected back to them, but it is the duty of the executive to listen.

  Congratulations to the staff of life events such as new baby, ask about holiday travel, and ask questions about how both private and corporate events turned out. Care enough to look forward into the kind of employee life events and activities.

   Provide opportunities for employees to develop their skills and abilities. Employees want to continue to develop knowledge and skills. Employees do not want the job that they deem as not brain-toil.Enable staff members to attend important meetings, meetings that cross functional areas, and that the boss is usually present.

  Bring to attract staff, unusual events, activities and meetings. It's quite a learning experience for staff to attend an executive meeting with you or representing the department in its absence.Make sure employees have some goals that he wanted to pursue as part of quarterly performance development plan (PDP). Personal development goals included in the same plan.

  Assign responsibility that employees do not like or that routine. New staff, interns, and contract employees may find challenging and rewarding job. Or, at least, all employees have their turn.Provide opportunities for employees to cross train in other roles and responsibilities. Assign responsibility for backup duties, functions, and projects.

  Employees get a lot of motivation from the nature and the work itself. Employees seeking autonomy and independence in decision making and how they approach their work and the work completed.It provides authority for employees to manage their own and make decisions. Within a clear framework of the PDP and effective communication is in progress, the delegation of decision-making after defining the boundaries, limits, and the critical point where you want to receive feedback.

  Extending the work to include a new, responsibility for higher levels. Assign responsibilities to employees who will help him grow the skills and knowledge mereka.Peregangan task of developing staff skills and improve their ability to contribute in the workplace. (Please remove some time-consuming, less desirable components of the work at the same time, so employees do not feel that what is delegated is "more" work.)Giving employees a voice in the high-level meetings; provide more access to essential and desirable meetings and projects.

  Provide more information by including employees in a particular mailing list, in company briefings, and in your confidence.

  Provide more opportunities for employees to impact the department or company goals, priorities, and measurements.

  Assign the employee to head the projects or tim. Set reports its staff members with leadership on projects or teams or under his direct supervision.

   Enable employees to spend more time with his or her boss. Most employees find this helpful attention.Ask for and address employee concerns and complaints before they make the employee or dysfunctional workplace Listening employee complaints and maintain employee information about how you handle the complaint is very important to produce a work environment that motivates. (This is an employee complaint that readers identify regularly occurring in their workplace.)

   Even if the complaint can not be resolved to the satisfaction of employees, the fact that you addressed a complaint and provide feedback on the consideration and resolution of complaints to employees appreciated. The importance of feedback in dealing with employee concerns can not be overemphasized.

   Leave the door open and you encourage employees to come to you with legitimate concerns and questions.Always address and provide feedback to employees about the status of their expressed concerns. Caution or a complaint can not disappear into a black hole forever. No cause for concern over employees from feeling that their legitimate concerns go unaddressed.

   Recognition of employee performance is high on the list of needs to motivate employees. Many supervisors equate reward and recognition with monetary prizes. While employees appreciate the money, they also appreciate the compliment, thank you, oral or written out-of-the-ordinary employment content, and the attention of their superiors.

   Write a thank you and thank you praise that a particular employee to contribute in as much detail as possible to strengthen and communicate with the employee behavior you want to continue to see.Verbal praise and recognize employees for contributions. Visit the employees in his office.Give employees a small sign of your gratitude. A card, their favorite candy, cutting from a plant in your office, the fruit for the entire office, and more, based on tradition and interaction in your office, will make the day an employee.

   Employees appreciate a responsive and involved relationship with their immediate supervisor.Avoid canceling the regular meeting, and if you must, stop by the employee work area to apologize, offer a reason, and immediately reschedule. Regularly missing an employee meeting send a powerful message of disrespect. Regularly missing an employee meeting to send a strong message disrespect.Talk every day by every employee who reports to you. Daily interaction and relationship building will stand for a lot when times are troubled, disappointment occurs, or you need to handle the increased performance of employees.

   Interaction of an employee with his immediate supervisor is the most significant factor in employee satisfaction with the work practice of just listening to Encourage employees to bring your ideas or improvements. Even if you think the idea will not work, that idea has been successfully tried in the past, or you believe your executive leadership will not support it, this is not what the employees want to hear from the supervisor.

   And, it's not in your best interest to motivate employees to put the kibosh on employee contributions and ideas. You will tick them off, deflate them, and make up their mind not significant.

 Think creatively about how you can explore ideas, supporting employees in his or her quest to try to innovation, providing time for experimentation, and more. Encouragement brings payback in a positive employee motivation.

  Remember that your nonverbal communication is more expressive communication than the words you use to convey your honest answers to the mind of employees, concerns, and suggestions. Pay attention, ask questions to obtain more information, and focus on understanding employee communications. Losing Your reaction: shrugs, rolling eyes, or partial attention insulting and demeaning. Superior relationship with the reporting staff is the most important factor in employee retention. Stay on top of what your staff needs and the desire to provide a working environment for employee motivation.

   Employee motivation is the common interests of supervisors and managers who are responsible for overseeing the work of other employees. You can enhance your efforts to improve employee motivation. Seven of the actions and behaviors that you can make happen every day for motivation of employees is covered in this article. I'm willing to make a serious bet that, if you pay constant attention to the significant factors in employee motivation, you will win with a motivated, passionate, employees contribute. Can work could be better than that for a manager or supervisor?